sábado, 3 de agosto de 2019

ESTADO DE OAXACA

                                     Resultado de imagen para logo del estado de oaxaca 2019




Today we will talk about the beautiful state of oaxaca, but before we begin, we must remember some important dates, events that marked this state and I will give a small introduction. Are you ready ?, let's start!
Oaxaca is one of the 31 states that, together with Mexico City, form the United Mexican States.
Its capital and most populous city is Oaxaca de Juárez. And one of its municipalities Abejones (Mexico), whose surface represents 0.1% of the total area of ​​the state.


Who founded it? How did all this happen?

It happened in 1486, with the installation of a detachment of Aztec soldiers, called Huaxyacac.
Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, April 30, 2017.- This April 25, the state capital turned 485 years of having been elevated to the rank of city, title obtained in 1532, through Real Identity, granted by King Carlos V of Spain. , an act that gave way to the city that transcended the banks of the Atoyac River, to register in space and time as a testimony of struggle and hope, as a symbol of cultural identity.

The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca is one of the 32 federal entities of the Mexican Republic. It is located in the south of the Mexican Republic; With an area of ​​93,757 km², it represents 4.8% of the national territory. Its capital is the city of Oaxaca de Juárez and it is divided into 570 municipalities.

Its name comes from the Nahuatl denomination Huāxyacac, imposed by the Mexican conquerors; "Huāx" means huaje, common plant of the region of the valleys, "yaca" means nose and the suffix "c" is equivalent to "tepec", which denotes place, so Huāxyacac ​​translates as "In the nose of the huaje ".
           
            
              Geographic Location Status
The state of Oaxaca is located in southern Mexico.

Extreme geographic coordinates:
North 18º 42 ', South 15º 39' North Latitude
To the east 93º 52 'and west 98º 32' west longitude.


Surface:

Oaxaca has an area of ​​93,757 square kilometers (Km2); It occupies the fifth place nationwide.


Territorial percentage
The state of Oaxaca represents 4.8% of the country's surface.


Colindancias:
It limits to the north with the states of Puebla and Veracruz, to the west with the state of Guerrero, to the east with the state of Chiapas and to the south with the Pacific Ocean.


Resultado de imagen para ubicación geográfica del estado de Oaxaca 



population:
Number of inhabitants
In 2015, in the state of Oaxaca they live:

Woman:
2,079 211


Of the men:
1 888 678


Total:
3 967 889


Distribution of population:

77% urban

and 23% rural;



Municipalities that make up the state of Oaxaca

001
Abejones
002
Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa
174
                                             Animas de trujano   
003
Asunción Cacalotepec
004
Asunción Cuyotepeji
005
Asunción Ixtaltepec
006
Asunción Nochixtlán
007
Asunción Ocotlán
008
Asunción Tlacolulita
398
Ayoquezco de Aldama
009
Ayotzintepec
011
Calihualá
012
Candelaria Loxicha
247
Capulálpam de Méndez
025
Chahuites
026
Chalcatongo de Hidalgo
027
Chiquihuitlán de Benito Juárez
013
Ciénega de Zimatlán
014
Ciudad Ixtepec
015
Coatecas Altas
016
Coicoyán de las Flores
018
Concepción Buenavista
019
Concepción Pápalo
020
Constancia del Rosario
021
Cosolapa
022
Cosoltepec
023
Cuilápam de Guerrero
024
Cuyamecalco Villa de Zaragoza
010
El Barrio de la Soledad
030
El Espinal
029
Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón
032
Fresnillo de Trujano
034
Guadalupe de Ramírez
033
Guadalupe Etla
035
Guelatao de Juárez
036
Guevea de Humboldt
028
Heroica Ciudad de Ejutla de Crespo
039
Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de Leó
397
Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco
040
Huautepec
041
Huautla de Jiménez
065
Ixpantepec Nieves
042
Ixtlán de Juárez
043
Juchitán de Zaragoza
017
La Compañía
069
La Pe
076
La Reforma
556
La Trinidad Vista Hermosa
044
Loma Bonita
045
Magdalena Apasco
046
Magdalena Jaltepec
048
Magdalena Mixtepec
049
Magdalena Ocotlán
050
Magdalena Peñasco
051
Magdalena Teitipac
052
Magdalena Tequisistlán
053
Magdalena Tlacotepec
562
Magdalena Yodocono de Porfirio Día
054
Magdalena Zahuatlán
055
Mariscala de Juárez
056
Mártires de Tacubaya
057
Matías Romero Avendaño
058
Mazatlán Villa de Flores
037
Mesones Hidalgo
059
Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz
060
Mixistlán de la Reforma
061
Monjas
062
Natividad
063
Nazareno Etla
064
Nejapa de Madero
504
Nuevo Zoquiapam
067
Oaxaca de Juárez
068
Ocotlán de Morelos
070
Pinotepa de Don Luis
071
Pluma Hidalgo
073
Putla Villa de Guerrero
075
Reforma de Pineda
077
Reyes Etla
078
Rojas de Cuauhtémoc
079
Salina Cruz
080
San Agustín Amatengo
081
San Agustín Atenango
082
San Agustín Chayuco
083
San Agustín de las Juntas
084
San Agustín Etla
085
San Agustín Loxicha
086
San Agustín Tlacotepec
087
San Agustín Yatareni
088
San Andrés Cabecera Nueva
089
San Andrés Dinicuiti
090
San Andrés Huaxpaltepec
091
San Andrés Huayapam
092
San Andrés Ixtlahuaca
093
San Andrés Lagunas
094
San Andrés Nuxiño
095
San Andrés Paxtlán
096
San Andrés Sinaxtla
097
San Andrés Solaga
098
San Andrés Teotilalpam
099
San Andrés Tepetlapa
100
San Andrés Yaá
101
San Andrés Zabache
102
San Andrés Zautla
103
San Antonino Castillo Velasco
104
San Antonino el Alto
105
San Antonino Monte Verde
106
San Antonio Acutla
107
San Antonio de la Cal
108
San Antonio Huitepec
109
San Antonio Nanahuatípam
110
San Antonio Sinicahua
111
San Antonio Tepetlapa
112
San Baltazar Chichicápam
113
San Baltazar Loxicha
114
San Baltazar Yatzachi el Bajo
115
San Bartolo Coyotepec
121
San Bartolo Soyaltepec
122
San Bartolo Yautepec
116
San Bartolomé Ayautla
117
San Bartolomé Loxicha
118
San Bartolomé Quialana
119
San Bartolomé Yucuañe
120
San Bartolomé Zoogocho
123
San Bernardo Mixtepec
124
San Blas Atempa
125
San Carlos Yautepec
126
San Cristóbal Amatlán
127
San Cristóbal Amoltepec
128
San Cristóbal Lachirioag
129
San Cristóbal Suchixtlahuaca
130
San Dionisio del Mar
131
San Dionisio Ocotepec
132
San Dionisio Ocotlán
133
San Esteban Atatlahuca
134
San Felipe Jalapa de Díaz
135
San Felipe Tejalapam
136
San Felipe Usila
137
San Francisco Cahuacuá
138
San Francisco Cajonos
139
San Francisco Chapulapa
140
San Francisco Chindúa
141
San Francisco del Mar
142
San Francisco Huehuetlán
143
San Francisco Ixhuatán
144
San Francisco Jaltepetongo
145
San Francisco Lachigoló
146
San Francisco Logueche
147
San Francisco Nuxaño
148
San Francisco Ozolotepec
149
San Francisco Sola
150
San Francisco Telixtlahuaca
151
San Francisco Teopan
152
San Francisco Tlapancingo
153
San Gabriel Mixtepec
154
San Ildefonso Amatlán
155
San Ildefonso Sola
156
San Ildefonso Villa Alta
157
San Jacinto Amilpas
158
San Jacinto Tlacotepec
159
San Jerónimo Coatlán
160
San Jerónimo Silacayoapilla
161
San Jerónimo Sosola
162
San Jerónimo Taviche
163
San Jerónimo Tecoátl
550
San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya
164
San Jorge Nuchita
165
San José Ayuquila
166
San José Chiltepec
167
San José del Peñasco
072
San José del Progreso
168
San José Estancia Grande
169
San José Independencia
170
San José Lachiguiri
171
San José Tenango
210
San Juan ?umí
172
San Juan Achiutla
173
San Juan Atepec
175
San Juan Bautista Atatlahuca
176
San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca
177
San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán
178
San Juan Bautista Guelache
179
San Juan Bautista Jayacatlán
180
San Juan Bautista Lo de Soto
181
San Juan Bautista Suchitepec
183
San Juan Bautista Tlachichilco
182
San Juan Bautista Tlacoatzintepec
184
San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec
559
San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional
185
San Juan Cacahuatepec
191
San Juan Chicomezúchil
192
San Juan Chilateca
186
San Juan Cieneguilla
187
San Juan Coatzóspam
188
San Juan Colorado
189
San Juan Comaltepec
190
San Juan Cotzocón
206
San Juan de los Cués
193
San Juan del Estado
194
San Juan del Río
195
San Juan Diuxi
196
San Juan Evangelista Analco
197
San Juan Guelavía
198
San Juan Guichicovi
199
San Juan Ihualtepec
200
San Juan Juquila Mixes
201
San Juan Juquila Vijanos
202
San Juan Lachao
203
San Juan Lachigalla
204
San Juan Lajarcia
205
San Juan Lalana
207
San Juan Mazatlán
209
San Juan Mixtepec
208
San Juan Mixtepec
211
San Juan Ozolotepec
212
San Juan Petlapa
213
San Juan Quiahije
214
San Juan Quiotepec
215
San Juan Sayultepec
216
San Juan Tabaá
217
San Juan Tamazola
218
San Juan Teita
219
San Juan Teitipac
220
San Juan Tepeuxila
221
San Juan Teposcolula
222
San Juan Yaeé
223
San Juan Yatzona
224
San Juan Yucuita
225
San Lorenzo
226
San Lorenzo Albarradas
227
San Lorenzo Cacaotepec
228
San Lorenzo Cuaunecuiltitla
229
San Lorenzo Texmelucan
230
San Lorenzo Victoria
231
San Lucas Camotlán
232
San Lucas Ojitlán
233
San Lucas Quiaviní
234
San Lucas Zoquiápam
235
San Luis Amatlán
236
San Marcial Ozolotepec
237
San Marcos Arteaga
238
San Martín de los Cansecos
239
San Martín Huamelúlpam
240
San Martín Itunyoso
241
San Martín Lachilá
242
San Martín Peras
243
San Martín Tilcajete
244
San Martín Toxpalan
245
San Martín Zacatepec
246
San Mateo Cajonos
248
San Mateo del Mar
250
San Mateo Etlatongo
251
San Mateo Nejápam
252
San Mateo Peñasco
253
San Mateo Piñas
254
San Mateo Río Hondo
255
San Mateo Sindihui
256
San Mateo Tlapiltepec
249
San Mateo Yoloxochitlán
257
San Melchor Betaza
258
San Miguel Achiutla
259
San Miguel Ahuehuetitlán
260
San Miguel Aloápam
261
San Miguel Amatitlán
262
San Miguel Amatlán
264
San Miguel Chicahua
265
San Miguel Chimalapa
263
San Miguel Coatlán
266
San Miguel del Puerto
267
San Miguel del Río
268
San Miguel Ejutla
269
San Miguel el Grande
270
San Miguel Huautla
271
San Miguel Mixtepec
272
San Miguel Panixtlahuaca
273
San Miguel Peras
274
San Miguel Piedras
275
San Miguel Quetzaltepec
276
San Miguel Santa Flor
278
San Miguel Soyaltepec
279
San Miguel Suchixtepec
281
San Miguel Tecomatlán
282
San Miguel Tenango
283
San Miguel Tequixtepec
284
San Miguel Tilquiápam
285
San Miguel Tlacamama
286
San Miguel Tlacotepec
287
San Miguel Tulancingo
288
San Miguel Yotao
289
San Nicolás
290
San Nicolás Hidalgo
291
San Pablo Coatlán
292
San Pablo Cuatro Venados
293
San Pablo Etla
294
San Pablo Huitzo
295
San Pablo Huixtepec
296
San Pablo Macuiltianguis
297
San Pablo Tijaltepec
298
San Pablo Villa de Mitla
299
San Pablo Yaganiza
300
San Pedro Amuzgos
301
San Pedro Apóstol
302
San Pedro Atoyac
303
San Pedro Cajonos
305
San Pedro Comitancillo
304
San Pedro Coxcaltepec Cántaros
306
San Pedro el Alto
307
San Pedro Huamelula
308
San Pedro Huilotepec
309
San Pedro Ixcatlán
310
San Pedro Ixtlahuaca
311
San Pedro Jaltepetongo
312
San Pedro Jicayán
313
San Pedro Jocotipac
314
San Pedro Juchatengo
315
San Pedro Mártir
316
San Pedro Mártir Quiechapa
317
San Pedro Mártir Yucuxaco
318
San Pedro Mixtepec
319
San Pedro Mixtepec
320
San Pedro Molinos
321
San Pedro Nopala
322
San Pedro Ocopetatillo
323
San Pedro Ocotepec
324
San Pedro Pochutla
325
San Pedro Quiatoni
326
San Pedro Sochiapam
327
San Pedro Tapanatepec
328
San Pedro Taviche
329
San Pedro Teozacoalco
330
San Pedro Teutila
331
San Pedro Tidaá
332
San Pedro Topiltepec
333
San Pedro Totolapa
337
San Pedro y San Pablo Ayutla
339
San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula
340
San Pedro y San Pablo Tequixtepec
335
San Pedro Yaneri
336
San Pedro Yólox
341
San Pedro Yucunama
342
San Raymundo Jalpan
343
San Sebastián Abasolo
344
San Sebastián Coatlán
345
San Sebastián Ixcapa
346
San Sebastián Nicananduta
347
San Sebastián Río Hondo
348
San Sebastián Tecomaxtlahuaca
349
San Sebastián Teitipac
350
San Sebastián Tutla
351
San Simón Almolongas
352
San Simón Zahuatlán
534
San Vicente Coatlán
535
San Vicente Lachixío
536
San Vicente Nuñú
353
Santa Ana
354
Santa Ana Ateixtlahuaca
355
Santa Ana Cuauhtémoc
356
Santa Ana del Valle
357
Santa Ana Tavela
358
Santa Ana Tlapacoyan
359
Santa Ana Yareni
360
Santa Ana Zegache
361
Santa Catalina Quierí
362
Santa Catarina Cuixtla
363
Santa Catarina Ixtepeji
364
Santa Catarina Juquila
365
Santa Catarina Lachatao
366
Santa Catarina Loxicha
367
Santa Catarina Mechoacán
368
Santa Catarina Minas
369
Santa Catarina Quiané
074
Santa Catarina Quioquitani
370
Santa Catarina Tayata
371
Santa Catarina Ticuá
372
Santa Catarina Yosonotú
373
Santa Catarina Zapoquila
374
Santa Cruz Acatepec
375
Santa Cruz Amilpas
376
Santa Cruz de Bravo
377
Santa Cruz Itundujia
378
Santa Cruz Mixtepec
379
Santa Cruz Nundaco
380
Santa Cruz Papalutla
381
Santa Cruz Tacache de Mina
382
Santa Cruz Tacahua
383
Santa Cruz Tayata
384
Santa Cruz Xitla
385
Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán
386
Santa Cruz Zenzontepec
387
Santa Gertrudis
569
Santa Inés de Zaragoza
388
Santa Inés del Monte
389
Santa Inés Yatzeche
390
Santa Lucía del Camino
391
Santa Lucía Miahuatlán
392
Santa Lucía Monteverde
393
Santa Lucía Ocotlán
047
Santa Magdalena Jicotlán
394
Santa María Alotepec
395
Santa María Apazco
399
Santa María Atzompa
400
Santa María Camotlán
404
Santa María Chachoápam
406
Santa María Chilchotla
407
Santa María Chimalapa
401
Santa María Colotepec
402
Santa María Cortijo
403
Santa María Coyotepec
408
Santa María del Rosario
409
Santa María del Tule
410
Santa María Ecatepec
411
Santa María Guelacé
412
Santa María Guienagati
413
Santa María Huatulco
414
Santa María Huazolotitlán
415
Santa María Ipalapa
416
Santa María Ixcatlán
417
Santa María Jacatepec
418
Santa María Jalapa del Marqués
419
Santa María Jaltianguis
396
Santa María la Asunción
420
Santa María Lachixío
421
Santa María Mixtequilla
422
Santa María Nativitas
423
Santa María Nduayaco
424
Santa María Ozolotepec
425
Santa María Pápalo
426
Santa María Peñoles
427
Santa María Petapa
428
Santa María Quiegolani
429
Santa María Sola
430
Santa María Tataltepec
431
Santa María Tecomavaca
432
Santa María Temaxcalapa
433
Santa María Temaxcaltepec
434
Santa María Teopoxco
435
Santa María Tepantlali
436
Santa María Texcatitlán
437
Santa María Tlahuitoltepec
438
Santa María Tlalixtac
439
Santa María Tonameca
440
Santa María Totolapilla
441
Santa María Xadani
442
Santa María Yalina
443
Santa María Yavesía
444
Santa María Yolotepec
445
Santa María Yosoyúa
446
Santa María Yucuhiti
447
Santa María Zacatepec
448
Santa María Zaniza
449
Santa María Zoquitlán
450
Santiago Amoltepec
451
Santiago Apoala
452
Santiago Apóstol
453
Santiago Astata
454
Santiago Atitlán
455
Santiago Ayuquililla
456
Santiago Cacaloxtepec
457
Santiago Camotlán
459
Santiago Chazumba
460
Santiago Choapam
458
Santiago Comaltepec
461
Santiago del Río
462
Santiago Huajolotitlán
463
Santiago Huauclilla
464
Santiago Ihuitlán Plumas
465
Santiago Ixcuintepec
466
Santiago Ixtayutla
467
Santiago Jamiltepec
468
Santiago Jocotepec
469
Santiago Juxtlahuaca
470
Santiago Lachiguiri
471
Santiago Lalopa
472
Santiago Laollaga
473
Santiago Laxopa
474
Santiago Llano Grande
475
Santiago Matatlán
476
Santiago Miltepec
477
Santiago Minas
478
Santiago Nacaltepec
479
Santiago Nejapilla
066
Santiago Niltepec
480
Santiago Nundiche
481
Santiago Nuyoó
482
Santiago Pinotepa Nacional
483
Santiago Suchilquitongo
484
Santiago Tamazola
485
Santiago Tapextla
487
Santiago Tenango
488
Santiago Tepetlapa
489
Santiago Tetepec
490
Santiago Texcalcingo
491
Santiago Textitlán
492
Santiago Tilantongo
493
Santiago Tillo
494
Santiago Tlazoyaltepec
495
Santiago Xanica
496
Santiago Xiacuí
497
Santiago Yaitepec
498
Santiago Yaveo
499
Santiago Yolomécatl
500
Santiago Yosondúa
501
Santiago Yucuyachi
502
Santiago Zacatepec
503
Santiago Zoochila
506
Santo Domingo Albarradas
507
Santo Domingo Armenta
508
Santo Domingo Chihuitán
509
Santo Domingo de Morelos
505
Santo Domingo Ingenio
510
Santo Domingo Ixcatlán
511
Santo Domingo Nuxaá
512
Santo Domingo Ozolotepec
513
Santo Domingo Petapa
514
Santo Domingo Roayaga
515
Santo Domingo Tehuantepec
516
Santo Domingo Teojomulco
517
Santo Domingo Tepuxtepec
518
Santo Domingo Tlatayápam
519
Santo Domingo Tomaltepec
520
Santo Domingo Tonalá
521
Santo Domingo Tonaltepec
522
Santo Domingo Xagacía
523
Santo Domingo Yanhuitlán
524
Santo Domingo Yodohino
525
Santo Domingo Zanatepec
530
Santo Tomás Jalieza
531
Santo Tomás Mazaltepec
532
Santo Tomás Ocotepec
533
Santo Tomás Tamazulapan
526
Santos Reyes Nopala
527
Santos Reyes Pápalo
528
Santos Reyes Tepejillo
529
Santos Reyes Yucuná
537
Silacayoápam
538
Sitio de Xitlapehua
539
Soledad Etla
031
Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo
541
Tanetze de Zaragoza
542
Taniche
543
Tataltepec de Valdés
544
Teococuilco de Marcos Pérez
545
Teotitlán de Flores Magón
546
Teotitlán del Valle
547
Teotongo
548
Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos
549
Tezoatlán de Segura y Luna
551
Tlacolula de Matamoros
552
Tlacotepec Plumas
553
Tlalixtac de Cabrera
554
Totontepec Villa de Morelos
555
Trinidad Zaachila
557
Unión Hidalgo
558
Valerio Trujano
405
Villa de Chilapa de Díaz
338
Villa de Etla
540
Villa de Tamazulápam del Progreso
334
Villa de Tututepec de Melchor Ocam
565
Villa de Zaachila
560
Villa Díaz Ordaz
038
Villa Hidalgo
277
Villa Sola de Vega
280
Villa Talea de Castro
486
Villa Tejúpam de la Unión
561
Yaxe
563
Yogana
564
Yutanduchi de Guerrero
566
Zapotitlán del Río
567
Zapotitlán Lagunas
568
Zapotitlán Palmas
570
Zimatlán de Alvarez



dialects

In the state of Oaxaca some languages ​​are still spoken, because due to the topography and remoteness from one community to another, the languages ​​are modified until they create their own.
The Mixtec has 57 languages, 7% of indigenous speakers master one of them.
The Zapotec 6.84% speaks one of the 64 languages ​​of the Zapotec.
The Mazateco is spoken by 3% of the indigenous population.
Chinanteca, the people who speak this language are 2%
11% of the population that speaks Amuzgo lives in OAxaca, the rest lives in Guerrero. These 5 languages ​​belong to the Ottoman language group.
115,000 people in Oaxaca and Chiapas speak mixe.
Zoque speakers are a minority group, there are approximately 50,000, mostly inhabitants of Chiapas and a small group in Oaxaca. They are relatives of the mixtures.


       Resultado de imagen para idiomas en el estado de Oaxaca


Flora and fauna
The flora and fauna of Oaxaca is a sample of the climatic variety of this Mexican state, which favors biodiversity. It is believed that Oaxaca hosts between 850 and 900 species of plants.

1- Ceiba
It is a medium and thorny tree with a conical and robust trunk. Its leaves are spirally arranged and its flowers are small and white.
It is a tree that is usually found in a tropical forest. It is also known as pochote or pochota. Its scientific name is aesculifolia.

Resultado de imagen para ceiba arbol


2- Framboyán
The framboyan is a tree with a slightly crooked trunk and very dense foliage. It can reach up to 8 meters high.
It has large flowers of very bright colors, red and orange, so it is common to decorate spaces.
It requires a lot of sun and blooms from spring until autumn begins.

Resultado de imagen para árbol flamboyán

3- mulatto
It is a tree with a scaly bark from red to green brown. It can reach 25 meters high and twists in a very characteristic way in the middle of its stem or near the branch.
Its leaves and flowers are grouped in small clusters. The flowers can acquire a pink cream tone.
Its fruit acquires a reddish brown color when ripe. It grows wild in warm and temperate climates.

Imagen relacionada

4- Amatillo
It is a tree that begins as an epiphyte, but that becomes an independent one that can grow up to 30 meters high.
It is a warm climate plant that is used in traditional medicine to treat toothache. Its scientific name is ficus pertusa.

Imagen relacionada

5- ahuehuete
It is a leafy native Mexican tree that can live for miles of years and measure up to 40 meters high. It has a trunk between 2 and 14 meters in diameter.
It is a type of cypress that lives on the banks of rivers or streams. Produce seeds profusely between August and November.
It is known that its common name is recognized as Nahuatl, but there is no consensus on its meaning. Its scientific name is taodium huegelii.

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In Oaxaca there are also the following plants:


  • Meadow
  • Acacias
  • Encinos
  • Nice maguey
  • Fennel
  • Peanut butter
  • Casuarina
  • Huaje


The 5 most representative animals of Oaxaca

1- tepezcuintle or guanta
It is the name that receives in Mexico the common bale, a species of rodent that lives near water in tropical forests.
His body is brown with white spots. It measures between 60 and 79 centimeters long plus 2 or 3 centimeters of tail.
His head and eyes are big. His ears are short. It is a nocturnal animal that feeds on vegetables.
She knows how to swim and is at risk because they hunt her for the taste of her meat.

Resultado de imagen para Tepezcuintle



2- Nauyaca oxaqueña
It is a venomous snake between 55 and 75 centimeters long. It has a rostral scale, the tip of its snout is elevated and resembles the snout of a pig.
It is brown or gray with dark spots in the form of triangles, squares or rectangles.
They are nocturnal and feed on lizards, amphibians and small birds. Young people are usually born in rainy seasons in litters of 3 to 36 individuals.

Resultado de imagen para nauyaca Oaxaqueña

3- whitetail deer
It is a mammal whose fur acquires a reddish hue in spring and summer, while in winter it is rather brown.
It can weigh 60 kilograms and measure between 1.6 and 2.2 meters long, with the tail included.
Males have a branched cornea that they use to fight with other males during courtship with females. They are usually in heat during the fall.
You can walk in groups of up to 15 copies, but the basic social unit is two individuals: women and youth. It feeds on leaves, fruits and seeds.

Resultado de imagen para venado de cola blanca

4- howler monkey
It is a primate that has a longer coat on the sides of its body. That fur is yellowish.
It measures between 56 and 92 centimeters. It has a small head and a long tail, of a length that is generally equal to that of its body.
Its tail is prehensile, so it serves to sway on tree branches. His vision is trichromatic.
It lives in areas of the jungle and is called howler because it emits a whistle similar to that of the wind.

Resultado de imagen para mono aullador

5- loggerhead turtle
The loggerhead turtle or loggerhead turtle is a sea turtle that can weigh up to 135 kilograms in adulthood.
On average it is 90 centimeters long and can live up to 67 years. His skin is yellow or brown, while his shell is quite reddish.
His jaws are big and strong. It feeds on invertebrates found on the seabed.
It has a low reproduction rate and is a species whose conservation status is considered vulnerable.

Resultado de imagen para tortuga caguama

Other representative animals of Oaxaca are the following:


  • Lesser Black Eagle
  • Kestrel.
  • White Heron
  • I paint Diver.
  • Tecolotito common.
  • Color in seven colors.
  • Female dog
  • Hare
  • Cacomixtle
  • Weasel
  • Wildcat.
  • Boa mousetrap.
  • Rattlesnake.
  • Chintetes
  • Giant toad
  • Flying squirrel.



Customs and traditions




1. Make tequio.

Tequio is an organized way of working to specify works of benefit or collective interest. A custom that we Oaxacans learn from an early age thanks to our families and teachers, who instill in us the value of common welfare.

Resultado de imagen para hacer tequio en Oaxaca

2. Mondays of the hill.
Better known as the Guelaguetza festival, it is an ancestral tradition of pre-Hispanic roots and is the largest festival in Oaxaca. The Guelaguetza is a feast of thanks for the arrival of rains and crops. Representatives from all regions of the state are concentrated in the capital to share their culture with the world through dances, crafts and food.

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3. Radish night.
This tradition comes from the colonial era, when local farmers experience harvesting the large radishes that occurred in the region. It is a popular party that is celebrated on the night of December 23 in the capital square, where many figures are sculpted using only these delicious bulbs. During the celebration it is customary to eat donuts and break the dishes where they are served, since according to the number of pieces in which the dish is broken, it will be the fate of the diner during the following year.

Resultado de imagen para noche de rabanos oaxaca


4. The traditional Oaxacan wedding.
With a duration of three days, Oaxacan weddings are serious parties. The first day the civil union is celebrated, the second day the religious ceremony and the banquet takes place. In the middle of the party there is a dance called "Mediu Xigha", also known as the son of cooperation; At this time, the bride and groom sit in the center of the track and the guests dance with a small song where everyone places the money. At the end of the song, the little song breaks in front of the couple as a sign that they will do very well in their new path and that they will not lack anything. Finally, on the third day the "washing of the pot" is performed, where the bride and groom announce the consummation of the marriage, giving way to a new celebration.

Resultado de imagen para tradicional boda en Oaxaca



5. The day of the Samaritan.

Samaritan Day is celebrated during the fourth Friday of Lent and tradition indicates that during this day fresh water and snow should be given away. Thousands of stalls adorned with flowers and colored ribbons appear in the squares and other public places of the city to enforce this custom. The waters are served in similarly decorated pots and nobody without having taken at least one glass. Another sample of the generosity that characterizes the Oaxacan people.

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6. Friday on the plain.
Fridays in the Llano are a very peculiar beauty contest. Students from the Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca participate in this contest and the attendees are in charge of voting for their favorite contender ... Give flowers! That's right, the participant who receives the most flowers from his classmates and friends is the winner of this colorful contest.

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7. Isthmus candles.
This party is celebrated in honor of the local patron saint and is organized by one or more butlers supported by captains. Organize masses and parties at the butler's house and a parade in floats for the "fruit race," where women throw fruits and gifts at the spectators. During the celebration of the candles the famous calendas are also made, where all the people sell to walk the streets, while they dance, sing and drink. All this is before the big dance dinner, where everyone will wear their isthmus costume to dance to the sound of Zandunga.

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8. The blessed tradition of drinking mezcal!
"For all the bad things about mezcal and for everything good too." Oaxacans do not need any pretext to savor this drink of the gods and it is disrespectful when you do not accept a glass of our sacred drink. We take it at weddings, baptisms, funerals, before eating, after eating, when we are sad, angry, happy, sick, cold or hot. It's always a good time to enjoy a mezcalito!

Resultado de imagen para la bendita tradición de tomar Mezcal en Oaxaca


Handicrafts


Alebrijes:
Crafts, San Antonio Arrazola, Oaxaca:
Fantastic creatures, mixture of mammals, birds and reptiles. Crafts of Arrazola, Oaxaca.

Resultado de imagen para alebrijes

Pineapple Palm Craft:
Crafts, Puerto Angel, Oaxaca
In Piña Palmera, a help and attention center for people with different abilities, located in Zipolite, Oaxaca, beautiful wooden figures are carved.

Resultado de imagen para artesanías piña Palmera Oaxaca

Coyotepec Black Mud
Crafts, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca
San Bartolo Coyotepec is located approximately 6 kilometers south of the city of Oaxaca. A walk through this small town of adobe houses and atmosphere of the Mexican province discovers its true identity: black mud.


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Paper Skulls:
Handicrafts, Zaachila, Oaxaca
To make these comic skulls, recycled paper straws are made, mainly bond paper, which are fastened with adhesive tape. 50 of these straws are manufactured for each skull.

Resultado de imagen para calaveritas de papel en Oaxaca



Grinders of the Sierra Juárez:
Crafts, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca
The mills are manual mills carved in wood and used throughout the state to prepare the delicious chocolate.

Resultado de imagen para molinillos en la Sierra de Juárez


Sombreros Donkey Belly:
Artesanías, Miahuatlán, Oaxaca
Una de las artes casi olvidadas de crear productos de alta calidad manualmente es la fabricación de sombreros en Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz.

Resultado de imagen para sombreros panza de burro


Palm fabric in San Luis Amatlán:
Crafts, Oaxaca State, Oaxaca
The palm is cut, dried for more than a week, the palm leaves are peeled, painted, allowed to dry for days, cut to obtain thin strips, tied with a thread to start the tissue and shape palm figurines

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traditional costumes

Ejutla de Crespo
Chenteña women's clothing is used in the southern part of the central valleys of Oaxaca. With influence of the Colony but also indigenous, the cotton skirts are handmade in very bright colors. The blouse they wear is cotton with embroideries on the chest, part that covers the chest, a generally black rebozo and some huaraches.

Resultado de imagen para Chenteña de Ejutla de Crespo

Coyotepec dress
In this town of the Valley of Oaxaca, the black mud is worked with which the beautiful and famous round jug is made. Here, women wear a tangle of plaid and a white cotton huipil, embroidered on the neckline. They wear a black rebozo that tangles in the head like a turban. They usually carry a jug of Coyotepec with fresh water on their shoulders.

Resultado de imagen para traje de Coyotepec



Huautla de Jiménez of the Sierra Mazateca
This indigenous costume is wearing a white cotton huipil, embroidered on the front with a cross stitch, in striking colors. The drawings that decorate the huipil represent birds, like the peacock, like the flowers of the region. On the other hand, the huipil has ribbons of turquoise blue and Mexican pink. In the lower part of the huipil, there is a loop that is decorated with colored cherry embroidery with figures of horses and little men. In the traditional dance of Huautla de Jiménez, they wear two long black braids on the sides and carry a jícara full of flower petals that spread to the beat of the music.

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national pinotepa costume
It is a mestizo suit with influence of the Colony, composed of a very wide satin skirt in bright colors with ribbons and touches of white lace. The shirt is white with a difficult embroidery with chaquira, with nature motifs. Chaquira, of Chinese origin, was introduced through 16th century commerce. This costume is used in important events, especially religious. They wear braided hair adorned with gold jewelry, typical of the coastal region. In the traditional dance, of tropical rhythm, he carries a towel in his hand that accompanies the dance.

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Resultado de imagen para Traje de Pinotepa Nacional


Malacatera de Jamiltepec
This suit, worn by the natives of Jamiltepec, is called "malacatera", since the woman uses lathes to weave the cotton thread with which she makes her clothes. The tangle, which is of the same material, is dyed lilac with the ink of the sea snail and in red with the "cochineal", typical animal of Oaxaca.
Typical of the coastal region given the climatic conditions of the state, the huipil has multiple uses and is cooked with lists and some embroidery points on the neck. It has an oriental appearance, similar to the kimono, with a Japanese chongo hairstyle to which the winch needles are tied.

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Mareñas Indians of the Isthmus Coast of Tehuantepec or Huaves
Las Mareñas de San Mateo del Mar, very close to Juchitlán, on the coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, use a chain embroidery, a red tangle tied with a sash. They wear braided hair and a cotton palliate.

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Tehuana Zapotec of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
The well-known Tehuanas Zapotecs often wear a satin and huipil skirt, embroidered on a chain, an embroidered strip and colorful jewels.
The gala dress, even more popular, is the costume used for large celebrations. Constant of a huipil embroidered by hand in a huge frame typical of the region and an embroidered skirt with colorful floral designs that have, at the bottom, a very large finish called holán. They have an attachment called "glow" in their heads. Basically, the outfit is decorated with gold jewelry, like medallions. The Tehuanas use a curly braid, which is worn around a giant bun. They also carry a "xicapextle", round and deep jícara varnished with drawings of flowers and adorned with colored flags that they wear on their heads. It is mainly used in the traditional "fruit race".

Resultado de imagen para Tehuana Zapoteca del Istmo de Tehuantepec

Mixed race costume of Huajapan de León mixed race
The famous "Mixtec syrup" is danced with this Spanish influence suit. It consists of a very wide skirt with colored ribbons, a rebozo tied at the waist, a white cotton blouse that has a discreet embroidery on the chest. The hair is braided with many ribbons and sometimes with flowers.

Resultado de imagen para Traje Mixteco Mestizo de Huajuapan de León

Feather Dance Costume
It is the disguise that the natives of the central valleys of Oaxaca use mainly in religious dances, of pre-Hispanic origin. This dance symbolizes the battles between Mixtecs, Zapotecs and Mexica. The main character of the dance is represented by Moctezuma. The clothes used in this dance consist of an embroidered shirt in an indigenous style with a bib and a brocade coat of gold fringes and brocade pants in green, white and red colors. They also use a plume, pre-Hispanic appearance that adorns the head.

Resultado de imagen para Traje de la Danza de la Pluma



Ojitlán, Valle Nacional, Tuxtepec and Chinanteca del Pueblo de Uzila
In Ojitlán, Tuxtepec wears the women's attire shown below, which consists of a huipil and a cotton skirt with wide prints. She wears braided hair with colored ribbons and combs. It is mainly used for the dance of the "Flor de la Piña", famous during the Fiesta de la Guelaguetza, which represents the joy of women for a good harvest of this fruit.
Another outfit is worn in the northern part of Oaxaca, in the Alto Papaloapan region, in the city of the United States. It consists of a huipil made in waist loom and hand embroidered in bright colors. The figures of this semiselvatic region also decorate the huipil, which is accompanied by a red tangle.

Resultado de imagen para Ojitlán, Valle Nacional, Tuxtepec y Chinanteca del Pueblo de Usila



dances

The dances and dances typical of Oaxaca have their roots in the indigenous traditions prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. To these are added European elements, Catholicism and blacks who participate in the historical events of the region.


1- The feather dance
He is the best known of the Mexican conquest dances thanks to his vitality, diffusion and characteristic choreography.
The dancers jump to the rhythm of the music. Thanks to the feathers they wear on clothes, they visually resemble birds of beautiful plumage. The choreographic steps are similar to other indigenous dances in Oaxaca.
On the one hand, a group of dancers representing indigenous peoples, led by Moctezuma.
The dress is a baggy shirt, white shorts with several stripes of different colors, cape with embroidered drawings and brightly colored feathers.
They hold a wooden scepter and rattles with which they synchronize the rhythm of the music and the movement of the steps.
On the other hand, there is the side of the Spanish soldiers, headed by Hernán Cortés.
The dress is jacket and dark blue pants, with swords at the waist. Cortés takes a band to his chest and a crucifix in his hand.
Currently the intervention of this group is purely decorative. By giving more importance to pure dance, they face suppressive dialogues. The development of the function is usually completed in two or three days.


Resultado de imagen para danza de la pluma oaxaca



2- Dance of the mascaritas
This dance includes choreographies of at least eight couples of men and women, and the interpretation was performed with masks.
The man wears a coat and a machete, and the woman wears a rebozo. During the dance, the main couple performs their movements around each other.
The peculiarity is that originally all the characters were interpreted specifically by men.
The dance is musicalized with various instruments such as violin, harmonica, banjo, guitar, drums, saxophone, trombone and trumpet.
It is usually held at carnival parties and at the patron and traditional festivals of Santa María Huazolotitlán.

Resultado de imagen para danza de las mascaritas


3- Dance of the Tejorones
In this dance, the dancers cover themselves with masks and dresses made with brass sheets that imitate gold.
They face other characters, usually the tiger, the cow, the dog and the Maria, the woman of the Tejorones. They wear worn clothes and rooster feathers on their heads.
The dancing tejorones arrive at the center of the city while the public makes a circle around them.
The dancers make jokes and comments to the public, which in turn responds and further encourages the game.
The Tejorones carry rattles, shotguns, machetes, weapons and bow. This dance is represented mainly at the time of the carnival.

Resultado de imagen para danza de los tejorones



4- Dance of the demons.
The dance of demons arises in the colonial era, when the work of black slaves was employed.
The dance of demons arises in the colonial era, when the work of
black slaves
This dance was a ritual dedicated to the black god Ruja, in which the dancers asked him to help them free themselves from the harsh working conditions
Today the dance venerates the dead, so they dance on November 1 and 2, the days of all the saints and faithful who left.
The dancers wear demons and are accompanied by their boss and the minga (woman from the street).
Visit worn and broken clothes, and wooden masks with mane and horsetail that simulate a beard.
The dance is fast and violent. Sometimes the dancers duck and suddenly stop and duck again. The turns are made and trample the rhythm of the music.

Resultado de imagen para danza de los diablos



5- The Chilean
This dance genre differs from other dances because it has a great influence of black and indigenous groups in the region. It is a mixed race dance.
The style of music changes considerably from town to town. As for the dance, each place has its local characteristic.
Some dance with a handkerchief and others do not; some turn to one side, while others do the opposite; there are dancers who hit hard and others gently.
The dance is accompanied by Chilean music performed with violin, guitar, drawer and harp.

Resultado de imagen para las chinelas de Oaxaca

Thank you for reading and learning many things about this wonderful state.


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