ESTADO DE OAXACA

                                     

Today we will talk about the beautiful state of oaxaca, but before we begin, we must remember some important dates, events that marked this state and I will give a small introduction. Are you ready ?, let's start!
Oaxaca is one of the 31 states that, together with Mexico City, form the United Mexican States.
Its capital and most populous city is Oaxaca de Juárez. And one of its municipalities Abejones (Mexico), whose surface represents 0.1% of the total area of ​​the state.

Who founded it? How did all this happen?

It happened in 1486, with the installation of a detachment of Aztec soldiers, called Huaxyacac.
Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, April 30, 2017.- This April 25, the state capital turned 485 years of having been elevated to the rank of city, title obtained in 1532, through Real Identity, granted by King Carlos V of Spain. , an act that gave way to the city that transcended the banks of the Atoyac River, to register in space and time as a testimony of struggle and hope, as a symbol of cultural identity.

The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca is one of the 32 federal entities of the Mexican Republic. It is located in the south of the Mexican Republic; With an area of ​​93,757 km², it represents 4.8% of the national territory. Its capital is the city of Oaxaca de Juárez and it is divided into 570 municipalities.

Its name comes from the Nahuatl denomination Huāxyacac, imposed by the Mexican conquerors; "Huāx" means huaje, common plant of the region of the valleys, "yaca" means nose and the suffix "c" is equivalent to "tepec", which denotes place, so Huāxyacac ​​translates as "In the nose of the huaje ".

           
            

              Geographic Location Status
The state of Oaxaca is located in southern Mexico.

Extreme geographic coordinates:
North 18º 42 ', South 15º 39' North Latitude
To the east 93º 52 'and west 98º 32' west longitude.


Surface:
Oaxaca has an area of ​​93,757 square kilometers (Km2); It occupies the fifth place nationwide.


Territorial percentage
The state of Oaxaca represents 4.8% of the country's surface.


Colindancias:
It limits to the north with the states of Puebla and Veracruz, to the west with the state of Guerrero, to the east with the state of Chiapas and to the south with the Pacific Ocean.

 

population:
Number of inhabitants
In 2015, in the state of Oaxaca they live:

Woman:
2,079 211


Of the men:
1 888 678


Total:
3 967 889


Distribution of population:

77% urban

and 23% rural;



Municipalities that make up the state of Oaxaca

001	Abejones
002	Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa
174	Animas de trujano
003	Asunción Cacalotepec
004	Asunción Cuyotepeji
005	Asunción Ixtaltepec
006	Asunción Nochixtlán
007	Asunción Ocotlán
008	Asunción Tlacolulita
398	Ayoquezco de Aldama
009	Ayotzintepec
011	Calihualá
012	Candelaria Loxicha
247	Capulálpam de Méndez
025	Chahuites
026	Chalcatongo de Hidalgo
027	Chiquihuitlán de Benito Juárez
013	Ciénega de Zimatlán
014	Ciudad Ixtepec
015	Coatecas Altas
016	Coicoyán de las Flores
018	Concepción Buenavista
019	Concepción Pápalo
020	Constancia del Rosario
021	Cosolapa
022	Cosoltepec
023	Cuilápam de Guerrero
024	Cuyamecalco Villa de Zaragoza
010	El Barrio de la Soledad
030	El Espinal
029	Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón
032	Fresnillo de Trujano
034	Guadalupe de Ramírez
033	Guadalupe Etla
035	Guelatao de Juárez
036	Guevea de Humboldt
028	Heroica Ciudad de Ejutla de Crespo
039	Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de Leó
397	Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco
040	Huautepec
041	Huautla de Jiménez
065	Ixpantepec Nieves
042	Ixtlán de Juárez
043	Juchitán de Zaragoza
017	La Compañía
069	La Pe
076	La Reforma
556	La Trinidad Vista Hermosa
044	Loma Bonita
045	Magdalena Apasco
046	Magdalena Jaltepec
048	Magdalena Mixtepec
049	Magdalena Ocotlán
050	Magdalena Peñasco
051	Magdalena Teitipac
052	Magdalena Tequisistlán
053	Magdalena Tlacotepec
562	Magdalena Yodocono de Porfirio Día
054	Magdalena Zahuatlán
055	Mariscala de Juárez
056	Mártires de Tacubaya
057	Matías Romero Avendaño
058	Mazatlán Villa de Flores
037	Mesones Hidalgo
059	Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz
060	Mixistlán de la Reforma
061	Monjas
062	Natividad
063	Nazareno Etla
064	Nejapa de Madero
504	Nuevo Zoquiapam
067	Oaxaca de Juárez
068	Ocotlán de Morelos
070	Pinotepa de Don Luis
071	Pluma Hidalgo
073	Putla Villa de Guerrero
075	Reforma de Pineda
077	Reyes Etla
078	Rojas de Cuauhtémoc
079	Salina Cruz
080	San Agustín Amatengo
081	San Agustín Atenango
082	San Agustín Chayuco
083	San Agustín de las Juntas
084	San Agustín Etla
085	San Agustín Loxicha
086	San Agustín Tlacotepec
087	San Agustín Yatareni
088	San Andrés Cabecera Nueva
089	San Andrés Dinicuiti
090	San Andrés Huaxpaltepec
091	San Andrés Huayapam
092	San Andrés Ixtlahuaca
093	San Andrés Lagunas
094	San Andrés Nuxiño
095	San Andrés Paxtlán
096	San Andrés Sinaxtla
097	San Andrés Solaga
098	San Andrés Teotilalpam
099	San Andrés Tepetlapa
100	San Andrés Yaá
101	San Andrés Zabache
102	San Andrés Zautla
103	San Antonino Castillo Velasco
104	San Antonino el Alto
105	San Antonino Monte Verde
106	San Antonio Acutla
107	San Antonio de la Cal
108	San Antonio Huitepec
109	San Antonio Nanahuatípam
110	San Antonio Sinicahua
111	San Antonio Tepetlapa
112	San Baltazar Chichicápam
113	San Baltazar Loxicha
114	San Baltazar Yatzachi el Bajo
115	San Bartolo Coyotepec
121	San Bartolo Soyaltepec
122	San Bartolo Yautepec
116	San Bartolomé Ayautla
117	San Bartolomé Loxicha
118	San Bartolomé Quialana
119	San Bartolomé Yucuañe
120	San Bartolomé Zoogocho
123	San Bernardo Mixtepec
124	San Blas Atempa
125	San Carlos Yautepec
126	San Cristóbal Amatlán
127	San Cristóbal Amoltepec
128	San Cristóbal Lachirioag
129	San Cristóbal Suchixtlahuaca
130	San Dionisio del Mar
131	San Dionisio Ocotepec
132	San Dionisio Ocotlán
133	San Esteban Atatlahuca
134	San Felipe Jalapa de Díaz
135	San Felipe Tejalapam
136	San Felipe Usila
137	San Francisco Cahuacuá
138	San Francisco Cajonos
139	San Francisco Chapulapa
140	San Francisco Chindúa
141	San Francisco del Mar
142	San Francisco Huehuetlán
143	San Francisco Ixhuatán
144	San Francisco Jaltepetongo
145	San Francisco Lachigoló
146	San Francisco Logueche
147	San Francisco Nuxaño
148	San Francisco Ozolotepec
149	San Francisco Sola
150	San Francisco Telixtlahuaca
151	San Francisco Teopan
152	San Francisco Tlapancingo
153	San Gabriel Mixtepec
154	San Ildefonso Amatlán
155	San Ildefonso Sola
156	San Ildefonso Villa Alta
157	San Jacinto Amilpas
158	San Jacinto Tlacotepec
159	San Jerónimo Coatlán
160	San Jerónimo Silacayoapilla
161	San Jerónimo Sosola
162	San Jerónimo Taviche
163	San Jerónimo Tecoátl
550	San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya
164	San Jorge Nuchita
165	San José Ayuquila
166	San José Chiltepec
167	San José del Peñasco
072	San José del Progreso
168	San José Estancia Grande
169	San José Independencia
170	San José Lachiguiri
171	San José Tenango
210	San Juan ?umí
172	San Juan Achiutla
173	San Juan Atepec
175	San Juan Bautista Atatlahuca
176	San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca
177	San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán
178	San Juan Bautista Guelache
179	San Juan Bautista Jayacatlán
180	San Juan Bautista Lo de Soto
181	San Juan Bautista Suchitepec
183	San Juan Bautista Tlachichilco
182	San Juan Bautista Tlacoatzintepec
184	San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec
559	San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional
185	San Juan Cacahuatepec
191	San Juan Chicomezúchil
192	San Juan Chilateca
186	San Juan Cieneguilla
187	San Juan Coatzóspam
188	San Juan Colorado
189	San Juan Comaltepec
190	San Juan Cotzocón
206	San Juan de los Cués
193	San Juan del Estado
194	San Juan del Río
195	San Juan Diuxi
196	San Juan Evangelista Analco
197	San Juan Guelavía
198	San Juan Guichicovi
199	San Juan Ihualtepec
200	San Juan Juquila Mixes
201	San Juan Juquila Vijanos
202	San Juan Lachao
203	San Juan Lachigalla
204	San Juan Lajarcia
205	San Juan Lalana
207	San Juan Mazatlán
209	San Juan Mixtepec
208	San Juan Mixtepec
211	San Juan Ozolotepec
212	San Juan Petlapa
213	San Juan Quiahije
214	San Juan Quiotepec
215	San Juan Sayultepec
216	San Juan Tabaá
217	San Juan Tamazola
218	San Juan Teita
219	San Juan Teitipac
220	San Juan Tepeuxila
221	San Juan Teposcolula
222	San Juan Yaeé
223	San Juan Yatzona
224	San Juan Yucuita
225	San Lorenzo
226	San Lorenzo Albarradas
227	San Lorenzo Cacaotepec
228	San Lorenzo Cuaunecuiltitla
229	San Lorenzo Texmelucan
230	San Lorenzo Victoria
231	San Lucas Camotlán
232	San Lucas Ojitlán
233	San Lucas Quiaviní
234	San Lucas Zoquiápam
235	San Luis Amatlán
236	San Marcial Ozolotepec
237	San Marcos Arteaga
238	San Martín de los Cansecos
239	San Martín Huamelúlpam
240	San Martín Itunyoso
241	San Martín Lachilá
242	San Martín Peras
243	San Martín Tilcajete
244	San Martín Toxpalan
245	San Martín Zacatepec
246	San Mateo Cajonos
248	San Mateo del Mar
250	San Mateo Etlatongo
251	San Mateo Nejápam
252	San Mateo Peñasco
253	San Mateo Piñas
254	San Mateo Río Hondo
255	San Mateo Sindihui
256	San Mateo Tlapiltepec
249	San Mateo Yoloxochitlán
257	San Melchor Betaza
258	San Miguel Achiutla
259	San Miguel Ahuehuetitlán
260	San Miguel Aloápam
261	San Miguel Amatitlán
262	San Miguel Amatlán
264	San Miguel Chicahua
265	San Miguel Chimalapa
263	San Miguel Coatlán
266	San Miguel del Puerto
267	San Miguel del Río
268	San Miguel Ejutla
269	San Miguel el Grande
270	San Miguel Huautla
271	San Miguel Mixtepec
272	San Miguel Panixtlahuaca
273	San Miguel Peras
274	San Miguel Piedras
275	San Miguel Quetzaltepec
276	San Miguel Santa Flor
278	San Miguel Soyaltepec
279	San Miguel Suchixtepec
281	San Miguel Tecomatlán
282	San Miguel Tenango
283	San Miguel Tequixtepec
284	San Miguel Tilquiápam
285	San Miguel Tlacamama
286	San Miguel Tlacotepec
287	San Miguel Tulancingo
288	San Miguel Yotao
289	San Nicolás
290	San Nicolás Hidalgo
291	San Pablo Coatlán
292	San Pablo Cuatro Venados
293	San Pablo Etla
294	San Pablo Huitzo
295	San Pablo Huixtepec
296	San Pablo Macuiltianguis
297	San Pablo Tijaltepec
298	San Pablo Villa de Mitla
299	San Pablo Yaganiza
300	San Pedro Amuzgos
301	San Pedro Apóstol
302	San Pedro Atoyac
303	San Pedro Cajonos
305	San Pedro Comitancillo
304	San Pedro Coxcaltepec Cántaros
306	San Pedro el Alto
307	San Pedro Huamelula
308	San Pedro Huilotepec
309	San Pedro Ixcatlán
310	San Pedro Ixtlahuaca
311	San Pedro Jaltepetongo
312	San Pedro Jicayán
313	San Pedro Jocotipac
314	San Pedro Juchatengo
315	San Pedro Mártir
316	San Pedro Mártir Quiechapa
317	San Pedro Mártir Yucuxaco
318	San Pedro Mixtepec
319	San Pedro Mixtepec
320	San Pedro Molinos
321	San Pedro Nopala
322	San Pedro Ocopetatillo
323	San Pedro Ocotepec
324	San Pedro Pochutla
325	San Pedro Quiatoni
326	San Pedro Sochiapam
327	San Pedro Tapanatepec
328	San Pedro Taviche
329	San Pedro Teozacoalco
330	San Pedro Teutila
331	San Pedro Tidaá
332	San Pedro Topiltepec
333	San Pedro Totolapa
337	San Pedro y San Pablo Ayutla
339	San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula
340	San Pedro y San Pablo Tequixtepec
335	San Pedro Yaneri
336	San Pedro Yólox
341	San Pedro Yucunama
342	San Raymundo Jalpan
343	San Sebastián Abasolo
344	San Sebastián Coatlán
345	San Sebastián Ixcapa
346	San Sebastián Nicananduta
347	San Sebastián Río Hondo
348	San Sebastián Tecomaxtlahuaca
349	San Sebastián Teitipac
350	San Sebastián Tutla
351	San Simón Almolongas
352	San Simón Zahuatlán
534	San Vicente Coatlán
535	San Vicente Lachixío
536	San Vicente Nuñú
353	Santa Ana
354	Santa Ana Ateixtlahuaca
355	Santa Ana Cuauhtémoc
356	Santa Ana del Valle
357	Santa Ana Tavela
358	Santa Ana Tlapacoyan
359	Santa Ana Yareni
360	Santa Ana Zegache
361	Santa Catalina Quierí
362	Santa Catarina Cuixtla
363	Santa Catarina Ixtepeji
364	Santa Catarina Juquila
365	Santa Catarina Lachatao
366	Santa Catarina Loxicha
367	Santa Catarina Mechoacán
368	Santa Catarina Minas
369	Santa Catarina Quiané
074	Santa Catarina Quioquitani
370	Santa Catarina Tayata
371	Santa Catarina Ticuá
372	Santa Catarina Yosonotú
373	Santa Catarina Zapoquila
374	Santa Cruz Acatepec
375	Santa Cruz Amilpas
376	Santa Cruz de Bravo
377	Santa Cruz Itundujia
378	Santa Cruz Mixtepec
379	Santa Cruz Nundaco
380	Santa Cruz Papalutla
381	Santa Cruz Tacache de Mina
382	Santa Cruz Tacahua
383	Santa Cruz Tayata
384	Santa Cruz Xitla
385	Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán
386	Santa Cruz Zenzontepec
387	Santa Gertrudis
569	Santa Inés de Zaragoza
388	Santa Inés del Monte
389	Santa Inés Yatzeche
390	Santa Lucía del Camino
391	Santa Lucía Miahuatlán
392	Santa Lucía Monteverde
393	Santa Lucía Ocotlán
047	Santa Magdalena Jicotlán
394	Santa María Alotepec
395	Santa María Apazco
399	Santa María Atzompa
400	Santa María Camotlán
404	Santa María Chachoápam
406	Santa María Chilchotla
407	Santa María Chimalapa
401	Santa María Colotepec
402	Santa María Cortijo
403	Santa María Coyotepec
408	Santa María del Rosario
409	Santa María del Tule
410	Santa María Ecatepec
411	Santa María Guelacé
412	Santa María Guienagati
413	Santa María Huatulco
414	Santa María Huazolotitlán
415	Santa María Ipalapa
416	Santa María Ixcatlán
417	Santa María Jacatepec
418	Santa María Jalapa del Marqués
419	Santa María Jaltianguis
396	Santa María la Asunción
420	Santa María Lachixío
421	Santa María Mixtequilla
422	Santa María Nativitas
423	Santa María Nduayaco
424	Santa María Ozolotepec
425	Santa María Pápalo
426	Santa María Peñoles
427	Santa María Petapa
428	Santa María Quiegolani
429	Santa María Sola
430	Santa María Tataltepec
431	Santa María Tecomavaca
432	Santa María Temaxcalapa
433	Santa María Temaxcaltepec
434	Santa María Teopoxco
435	Santa María Tepantlali
436	Santa María Texcatitlán
437	Santa María Tlahuitoltepec
438	Santa María Tlalixtac
439	Santa María Tonameca
440	Santa María Totolapilla
441	Santa María Xadani
442	Santa María Yalina
443	Santa María Yavesía
444	Santa María Yolotepec
445	Santa María Yosoyúa
446	Santa María Yucuhiti
447	Santa María Zacatepec
448	Santa María Zaniza
449	Santa María Zoquitlán
450	Santiago Amoltepec
451	Santiago Apoala
452	Santiago Apóstol
453	Santiago Astata
454	Santiago Atitlán
455	Santiago Ayuquililla
456	Santiago Cacaloxtepec
457	Santiago Camotlán
459	Santiago Chazumba
460	Santiago Choapam
458	Santiago Comaltepec
461	Santiago del Río
462	Santiago Huajolotitlán
463	Santiago Huauclilla
464	Santiago Ihuitlán Plumas
465	Santiago Ixcuintepec
466	Santiago Ixtayutla
467	Santiago Jamiltepec
468	Santiago Jocotepec
469	Santiago Juxtlahuaca
470	Santiago Lachiguiri
471	Santiago Lalopa
472	Santiago Laollaga
473	Santiago Laxopa
474	Santiago Llano Grande
475	Santiago Matatlán
476	Santiago Miltepec
477	Santiago Minas
478	Santiago Nacaltepec
479	Santiago Nejapilla
066	Santiago Niltepec
480	Santiago Nundiche
481	Santiago Nuyoó
482	Santiago Pinotepa Nacional
483	Santiago Suchilquitongo
484	Santiago Tamazola
485	Santiago Tapextla
487	Santiago Tenango
488	Santiago Tepetlapa
489	Santiago Tetepec
490	Santiago Texcalcingo
491	Santiago Textitlán
492	Santiago Tilantongo
493	Santiago Tillo
494	Santiago Tlazoyaltepec
495	Santiago Xanica
496	Santiago Xiacuí
497	Santiago Yaitepec
498	Santiago Yaveo
499	Santiago Yolomécatl
500	Santiago Yosondúa
501	Santiago Yucuyachi
502	Santiago Zacatepec
503	Santiago Zoochila
506	Santo Domingo Albarradas
507	Santo Domingo Armenta
508	Santo Domingo Chihuitán
509	Santo Domingo de Morelos
505	Santo Domingo Ingenio
510	Santo Domingo Ixcatlán
511	Santo Domingo Nuxaá
512	Santo Domingo Ozolotepec
513	Santo Domingo Petapa
514	Santo Domingo Roayaga
515	Santo Domingo Tehuantepec
516	Santo Domingo Teojomulco
517	Santo Domingo Tepuxtepec
518	Santo Domingo Tlatayápam
519	Santo Domingo Tomaltepec
520	Santo Domingo Tonalá
521	Santo Domingo Tonaltepec
522	Santo Domingo Xagacía
523	Santo Domingo Yanhuitlán
524	Santo Domingo Yodohino
525	Santo Domingo Zanatepec
530	Santo Tomás Jalieza
531	Santo Tomás Mazaltepec
532	Santo Tomás Ocotepec
533	Santo Tomás Tamazulapan
526	Santos Reyes Nopala
527	Santos Reyes Pápalo
528	Santos Reyes Tepejillo
529	Santos Reyes Yucuná
537	Silacayoápam
538	Sitio de Xitlapehua
539	Soledad Etla
031	Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo
541	Tanetze de Zaragoza
542	Taniche
543	Tataltepec de Valdés
544	Teococuilco de Marcos Pérez
545	Teotitlán de Flores Magón
546	Teotitlán del Valle
547	Teotongo
548	Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos
549	Tezoatlán de Segura y Luna
551	Tlacolula de Matamoros
552	Tlacotepec Plumas
553	Tlalixtac de Cabrera
554	Totontepec Villa de Morelos
555	Trinidad Zaachila
557	Unión Hidalgo
558	Valerio Trujano
405	Villa de Chilapa de Díaz
338	Villa de Etla
540	Villa de Tamazulápam del Progreso
334	Villa de Tututepec de Melchor Ocam
565	Villa de Zaachila
560	Villa Díaz Ordaz
038	Villa Hidalgo
277	Villa Sola de Vega
280	Villa Talea de Castro
486	Villa Tejúpam de la Unión
561	Yaxe
563	Yogana
564	Yutanduchi de Guerrero
566	Zapotitlán del Río
567	Zapotitlán Lagunas
568	Zapotitlán Palmas
570	Zimatlán de Alvarez

dialects

In the state of Oaxaca some languages ​​are still spoken, because due to the topography and remoteness from one community to another, the languages ​​are modified until they create their own.
The Mixtec has 57 languages, 7% of indigenous speakers master one of them.
The Zapotec 6.84% speaks one of the 64 languages ​​of the Zapotec.
The Mazateco is spoken by 3% of the indigenous population.
Chinanteca, the people who speak this language are 2%
11% of the population that speaks Amuzgo lives in OAxaca, the rest lives in Guerrero. These 5 languages ​​belong to the Ottoman language group.
115,000 people in Oaxaca and Chiapas speak mixe.
Zoque speakers are a minority group, there are approximately 50,000, mostly inhabitants of Chiapas and a small group in Oaxaca. They are relatives of the mixtures.


       


Flora and fauna
The flora and fauna of Oaxaca is a sample of the climatic variety of this Mexican state, which favors biodiversity. It is believed that Oaxaca hosts between 850 and 900 species of plants.

1- Ceiba
It is a medium and thorny tree with a conical and robust trunk. Its leaves are spirally arranged and its flowers are small and white.
It is a tree that is usually found in a tropical forest. It is also known as pochote or pochota. Its scientific name is aesculifolia.

2- Framboyán
The framboyan is a tree with a slightly crooked trunk and very dense foliage. It can reach up to 8 meters high.
It has large flowers of very bright colors, red and orange, so it is common to decorate spaces.
It requires a lot of sun and blooms from spring until autumn begins.

3- mulatto
It is a tree with a scaly bark from red to green brown. It can reach 25 meters high and twists in a very characteristic way in the middle of its stem or near the branch.
Its leaves and flowers are grouped in small clusters. The flowers can acquire a pink cream tone.
Its fruit acquires a reddish brown color when ripe. It grows wild in warm and temperate climates.

4- Amatillo
It is a tree that begins as an epiphyte, but that becomes an independent one that can grow up to 30 meters high.
It is a warm climate plant that is used in traditional medicine to treat toothache. Its scientific name is ficus pertusa.

5- ahuehuete
It is a leafy native Mexican tree that can live for miles of years and measure up to 40 meters high. It has a trunk between 2 and 14 meters in diameter.
It is a type of cypress that lives on the banks of rivers or streams. Produce seeds profusely between August and November.
It is known that its common name is recognized as Nahuatl, but there is no consensus on its meaning. Its scientific name is taodium huegelii.

In Oaxaca there are also the following plants:

• Meadow
• Acacias
• Encinos
• Nice maguey
• Fennel
• Peanut butter
• Casuarina
• Huaje

The 5 most representative animals of Oaxaca

1- tepezcuintle or guanta
It is the name that receives in Mexico the common bale, a species of rodent that lives near water in tropical forests.
His body is brown with white spots. It measures between 60 and 79 centimeters long plus 2 or 3 centimeters of tail.
His head and eyes are big. His ears are short. It is a nocturnal animal that feeds on vegetables.
She knows how to swim and is at risk because they hunt her for the taste of her meat.

2- Nauyaca oxaqueña
It is a venomous snake between 55 and 75 centimeters long. It has a rostral scale, the tip of its snout is elevated and resembles the snout of a pig.
It is brown or gray with dark spots in the form of triangles, squares or rectangles.
They are nocturnal and feed on lizards, amphibians and small birds. Young people are usually born in rainy seasons in litters of 3 to 36 individuals.

3- whitetail deer
It is a mammal whose fur acquires a reddish hue in spring and summer, while in winter it is rather brown.
It can weigh 60 kilograms and measure between 1.6 and 2.2 meters long, with the tail included.
Males have a branched cornea that they use to fight with other males during courtship with females. They are usually in heat during the fall.
You can walk in groups of up to 15 copies, but the basic social unit is two individuals: women and youth. It feeds on leaves, fruits and seeds.

4- howler monkey
It is a primate that has a longer coat on the sides of its body. That fur is yellowish.
It measures between 56 and 92 centimeters. It has a small head and a long tail, of a length that is generally equal to that of its body.
Its tail is prehensile, so it serves to sway on tree branches. His vision is trichromatic.
It lives in areas of the jungle and is called howler because it emits a whistle similar to that of the wind.

5- loggerhead turtle
The loggerhead turtle or loggerhead turtle is a sea turtle that can weigh up to 135 kilograms in adulthood.
On average it is 90 centimeters long and can live up to 67 years. His skin is yellow or brown, while his shell is quite reddish.
His jaws are big and strong. It feeds on invertebrates found on the seabed.
It has a low reproduction rate and is a species whose conservation status is considered vulnerable.

Other representative animals of Oaxaca are the following:

• Lesser Black Eagle
• Kestrel.
• White Heron
• I paint Diver.
• Tecolotito common.
• Color in seven colors.
• Female dog
• Hare
• Cacomixtle
• Weasel
• Wildcat.
• Boa mousetrap.
• Rattlesnake.
• Chintetes
• Giant toad
• Flying squirrel.

Customs and traditions



1. Make tequio.

Tequio is an organized way of working to specify works of benefit or collective interest. A custom that we Oaxacans learn from an early age thanks to our families and teachers, who instill in us the value of common welfare.

2. Mondays of the hill.
Better known as the Guelaguetza festival, it is an ancestral tradition of pre-Hispanic roots and is the largest festival in Oaxaca. The Guelaguetza is a feast of thanks for the arrival of rains and crops. Representatives from all regions of the state are concentrated in the capital to share their culture with the world through dances, crafts and food.

3. Radish night.
This tradition comes from the colonial era, when local farmers experience harvesting the large radishes that occurred in the region. It is a popular party that is celebrated on the night of December 23 in the capital square, where many figures are sculpted using only these delicious bulbs. During the celebration it is customary to eat donuts and break the dishes where they are served, since according to the number of pieces in which the dish is broken, it will be the fate of the diner during the following year.

4. The traditional Oaxacan wedding.
With a duration of three days, Oaxacan weddings are serious parties. The first day the civil union is celebrated, the second day the religious ceremony and the banquet takes place. In the middle of the party there is a dance called "Mediu Xigha", also known as the son of cooperation; At this time, the bride and groom sit in the center of the track and the guests dance with a small song where everyone places the money. At the end of the song, the little song breaks in front of the couple as a sign that they will do very well in their new path and that they will not lack anything. Finally, on the third day the "washing of the pot" is performed, where the bride and groom announce the consummation of the marriage, giving way to a new celebration.

5. The day of the Samaritan.
Samaritan Day is celebrated during the fourth Friday of Lent and tradition indicates that during this day fresh water and snow should be given away. Thousands of stalls adorned with flowers and colored ribbons appear in the squares and other public places of the city to enforce this custom. The waters are served in similarly decorated pots and nobody without having taken at least one glass. Another sample of the generosity that characterizes the Oaxacan people.

6. Friday on the plain.
Fridays in the Llano are a very peculiar beauty contest. Students from the Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca participate in this contest and the attendees are in charge of voting for their favorite contender ... Give flowers! That's right, the participant who receives the most flowers from his classmates and friends is the winner of this colorful contest.

7. Isthmus candles.
This party is celebrated in honor of the local patron saint and is organized by one or more butlers supported by captains. Organize masses and parties at the butler's house and a parade in floats for the "fruit race," where women throw fruits and gifts at the spectators. During the celebration of the candles the famous calendas are also made, where all the people sell to walk the streets, while they dance, sing and drink. All this is before the big dance dinner, where everyone will wear their isthmus costume to dance to the sound of Zandunga.

8. The blessed tradition of drinking mezcal!
"For all the bad things about mezcal and for everything good too." Oaxacans do not need any pretext to savor this drink of the gods and it is disrespectful when you do not accept a glass of our sacred drink. We take it at weddings, baptisms, funerals, before eating, after eating, when we are sad, angry, happy, sick, cold or hot. It's always a good time to enjoy a mezcalito!

Handicrafts


Alebrijes:
Crafts, San Antonio Arrazola, Oaxaca:
Fantastic creatures, mixture of mammals, birds and reptiles. Crafts of Arrazola, Oaxaca.

Pineapple Palm Craft:
Crafts, Puerto Angel, Oaxaca
In Piña Palmera, a help and attention center for people with different abilities, located in Zipolite, Oaxaca, beautiful wooden figures are carved.

Coyotepec Black Mud
Crafts, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca
San Bartolo Coyotepec is located approximately 6 kilometers south of the city of Oaxaca. A walk through this small town of adobe houses and atmosphere of the Mexican province discovers its true identity: black mud.

Paper Skulls:
Handicrafts, Zaachila, Oaxaca
To make these comic skulls, recycled paper straws are made, mainly bond paper, which are fastened with adhesive tape. 50 of these straws are manufactured for each skull.

Grinders of the Sierra Juárez:
Crafts, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca
The mills are manual mills carved in wood and used throughout the state to prepare the delicious chocolate.

Sombreros Donkey Belly:
Artesanías, Miahuatlán, Oaxaca
Una de las artes casi olvidadas de crear productos de alta calidad manualmente es la fabricación de sombreros en Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz.

Palm fabric in San Luis Amatlán:
Crafts, Oaxaca State, Oaxaca
The palm is cut, dried for more than a week, the palm leaves are peeled, painted, allowed to dry for days, cut to obtain thin strips, tied with a thread to start the tissue and shape palm figurines

traditional costumes

Ejutla de Crespo
Chenteña women's clothing is used in the southern part of the central valleys of Oaxaca. With influence of the Colony but also indigenous, the cotton skirts are handmade in very bright colors. The blouse they wear is cotton with embroideries on the chest, part that covers the chest, a generally black rebozo and some huaraches.

Coyotepec dress
In this town of the Valley of Oaxaca, the black mud is worked with which the beautiful and famous round jug is made. Here, women wear a tangle of plaid and a white cotton huipil, embroidered on the neckline. They wear a black rebozo that tangles in the head like a turban. They usually carry a jug of Coyotepec with fresh water on their shoulders.

Huautla de Jiménez of the Sierra Mazateca
This indigenous costume is wearing a white cotton huipil, embroidered on the front with a cross stitch, in striking colors. The drawings that decorate the huipil represent birds, like the peacock, like the flowers of the region. On the other hand, the huipil has ribbons of turquoise blue and Mexican pink. In the lower part of the huipil, there is a loop that is decorated with colored cherry embroidery with figures of horses and little men. In the traditional dance of Huautla de Jiménez, they wear two long black braids on the sides and carry a jícara full of flower petals that spread to the beat of the music.

national pinotepa costume
It is a mestizo suit with influence of the Colony, composed of a very wide satin skirt in bright colors with ribbons and touches of white lace. The shirt is white with a difficult embroidery with chaquira, with nature motifs. Chaquira, of Chinese origin, was introduced through 16th century commerce. This costume is used in important events, especially religious. They wear braided hair adorned with gold jewelry, typical of the coastal region. In the traditional dance, of tropical rhythm, he carries a towel in his hand that accompanies the dance.

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Malacatera de Jamiltepec
This suit, worn by the natives of Jamiltepec, is called "malacatera", since the woman uses lathes to weave the cotton thread with which she makes her clothes. The tangle, which is of the same material, is dyed lilac with the ink of the sea snail and in red with the "cochineal", typical animal of Oaxaca.
Typical of the coastal region given the climatic conditions of the state, the huipil has multiple uses and is cooked with lists and some embroidery points on the neck. It has an oriental appearance, similar to the kimono, with a Japanese chongo hairstyle to which the winch needles are tied.

Mareñas Indians of the Isthmus Coast of Tehuantepec or Huaves
Las Mareñas de San Mateo del Mar, very close to Juchitlán, on the coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, use a chain embroidery, a red tangle tied with a sash. They wear braided hair and a cotton palliate.

Tehuana Zapotec of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
The well-known Tehuanas Zapotecs often wear a satin and huipil skirt, embroidered on a chain, an embroidered strip and colorful jewels.
The gala dress, even more popular, is the costume used for large celebrations. Constant of a huipil embroidered by hand in a huge frame typical of the region and an embroidered skirt with colorful floral designs that have, at the bottom, a very large finish called holán. They have an attachment called "glow" in their heads. Basically, the outfit is decorated with gold jewelry, like medallions. The Tehuanas use a curly braid, which is worn around a giant bun. They also carry a "xicapextle", round and deep jícara varnished with drawings of flowers and adorned with colored flags that they wear on their heads. It is mainly used in the traditional "fruit race".

Mixed race costume of Huajapan de León mixed race
The famous "Mixtec syrup" is danced with this Spanish influence suit. It consists of a very wide skirt with colored ribbons, a rebozo tied at the waist, a white cotton blouse that has a discreet embroidery on the chest. The hair is braided with many ribbons and sometimes with flowers.

Feather Dance Costume
It is the disguise that the natives of the central valleys of Oaxaca use mainly in religious dances, of pre-Hispanic origin. This dance symbolizes the battles between Mixtecs, Zapotecs and Mexica. The main character of the dance is represented by Moctezuma. The clothes used in this dance consist of an embroidered shirt in an indigenous style with a bib and a brocade coat of gold fringes and brocade pants in green, white and red colors. They also use a plume, pre-Hispanic appearance that adorns the head.

Ojitlán, Valle Nacional, Tuxtepec and Chinanteca del Pueblo de Uzila
In Ojitlán, Tuxtepec wears the women's attire shown below, which consists of a huipil and a cotton skirt with wide prints. She wears braided hair with colored ribbons and combs. It is mainly used for the dance of the "Flor de la Piña", famous during the Fiesta de la Guelaguetza, which represents the joy of women for a good harvest of this fruit.
Another outfit is worn in the northern part of Oaxaca, in the Alto Papaloapan region, in the city of the United States. It consists of a huipil made in waist loom and hand embroidered in bright colors. The figures of this semiselvatic region also decorate the huipil, which is accompanied by a red tangle.

dances

The dances and dances typical of Oaxaca have their roots in the indigenous traditions prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. To these are added European elements, Catholicism and blacks who participate in the historical events of the region.


1- The feather dance
He is the best known of the Mexican conquest dances thanks to his vitality, diffusion and characteristic choreography.
The dancers jump to the rhythm of the music. Thanks to the feathers they wear on clothes, they visually resemble birds of beautiful plumage. The choreographic steps are similar to other indigenous dances in Oaxaca.
On the one hand, a group of dancers representing indigenous peoples, led by Moctezuma.
The dress is a baggy shirt, white shorts with several stripes of different colors, cape with embroidered drawings and brightly colored feathers.
They hold a wooden scepter and rattles with which they synchronize the rhythm of the music and the movement of the steps.
On the other hand, there is the side of the Spanish soldiers, headed by Hernán Cortés.
The dress is jacket and dark blue pants, with swords at the waist. Cortés takes a band to his chest and a crucifix in his hand.
Currently the intervention of this group is purely decorative. By giving more importance to pure dance, they face suppressive dialogues. The development of the function is usually completed in two or three days.

2- Dance of the mascaritas
This dance includes choreographies of at least eight couples of men and women, and the interpretation was performed with masks.
The man wears a coat and a machete, and the woman wears a rebozo. During the dance, the main couple performs their movements around each other.
The peculiarity is that originally all the characters were interpreted specifically by men.
The dance is musicalized with various instruments such as violin, harmonica, banjo, guitar, drums, saxophone, trombone and trumpet.
It is usually held at carnival parties and at the patron and traditional festivals of Santa María Huazolotitlán.

3- Dance of the Tejorones
In this dance, the dancers cover themselves with masks and dresses made with brass sheets that imitate gold.
They face other characters, usually the tiger, the cow, the dog and the Maria, the woman of the Tejorones. They wear worn clothes and rooster feathers on their heads.
The dancing tejorones arrive at the center of the city while the public makes a circle around them.
The dancers make jokes and comments to the public, which in turn responds and further encourages the game.
The Tejorones carry rattles, shotguns, machetes, weapons and bow. This dance is represented mainly at the time of the carnival.

4- Dance of the demons.
The dance of demons arises in the colonial era, when the work of black slaves was employed.
The dance of demons arises in the colonial era, when the work of
black slaves
This dance was a ritual dedicated to the black god Ruja, in which the dancers asked him to help them free themselves from the harsh working conditions
Today the dance venerates the dead, so they dance on November 1 and 2, the days of all the saints and faithful who left.
The dancers wear demons and are accompanied by their boss and the minga (woman from the street).
Visit worn and broken clothes, and wooden masks with mane and horsetail that simulate a beard.
The dance is fast and violent. Sometimes the dancers duck and suddenly stop and duck again. The turns are made and trample the rhythm of the music.

5- The Chilean
This dance genre differs from other dances because it has a great influence of black and indigenous groups in the region. It is a mixed race dance.
The style of music changes considerably from town to town. As for the dance, each place has its local characteristic.
Some dance with a handkerchief and others do not; some turn to one side, while others do the opposite; there are dancers who hit hard and others gently.
The dance is accompanied by Chilean music performed with violin, guitar, drawer and harp.

Thank you for reading and learning many things about this wonderful state.